Everything about Josiah Harmar totally explained
Josiah Harmar (
November 10,
1753 –
August 20,
1813) was an officer in the
United States Army during the
American Revolution and the
Northwest Indian War. He was the senior officer in the Army for seven years.
Harmar was born in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and educated at a
Quaker school. He started his military career during the American Revolutionary War, receiving a commission as a captain in 1775. He served under
George Washington and
Henry Lee during the war, and at its conclusion, by then a
colonel, was chosen by
Congress in 1784 to relay the ratified
Treaty of Paris (1783) to commissioner
Benjamin Franklin in Paris.
Harmar was the senior officer in the
United States Army, from 1784 to 1791, and was given command of the
First American Regiment in 1784. He signed the
Treaty of Fort McIntosh in 1785, the same year that he ordered the construction of Fort Harmar near
Marietta, Ohio. He also supervised the construction of Fort Steuben near present-day
Steubenville, Ohio. Harmar was promoted to brigadier general in 1787. General Harmar directed the construction in 1789 of
Fort Washington, Cincinnati, Ohio, which was built to protect the settlements in the
Northwest Territory. The fort was named in honor of President Washington.
In 1790, Harmar was sent on expeditions against
Native Americans and remaining
British in the
Northwest Territory. After a few initial military successes, his force of Federal troops was defeated by a tribal coalition led by
Little Turtle, in an engagement known as the "
Harmar's defeat", "Battle of the
Maumee", Battle of
Kekionga", or "Battle of the Miami Towns". Later, Harmar returned with a somewhat larger force and engaged the coalition, but fought to a draw. Consequently he was relieved of this command and replaced by General
Arthur St. Clair. Harmar was subsequently
court-martialed, at his own request, on various charges of negligence, and exonerated.
After his retirement from the Army in 1792, Harmar served as
adjutant general of
Pennsylvania (1793–1799). He died near Philadelphia at his estate, "The Retreat." He is buried at the Episcopal church of St. James, Kingsessing, in West Philadelphia.
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